Technical equipment

Microscopy

• reflected-light and transmitted-light microscope
• scanning electron microscope (SEM/ESEM)

Thermal analysis methods

• differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)
• simultaneous thermal analyser (DTA/TG)

Determination of the heat of hydration

• heat flow calorimeter
• heat of solution calorimeter

Determination of the calorific value

• bomb calorimeter

X-ray analysis

• x-ray diffractometer
• x-ray fluorescence spectrometer

Trace analysis

• atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS)
• graphite furnace AAS (GF-AAS)
• flow-injection furnace hydride generation AAS (FIFU-HG-AAS)
• flow-injection cold vapour AAS (FI-CV-AAS)
• flame AAS (F-AAS)
• solid sample AAS (S-AAS)
• ICP mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)

Chromatography

• ion chromatograph
• gas chromatograph
• gas chromatograph with mass-selective detector
• HPLC (high pressure liquid chromatograph)

Molecular spectroscopy

• UV/VIS spectrometer
• IR spectrometer

Other

• Zeta-potential analyser